{"id":1945,"date":"2022-04-26T10:49:23","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T10:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/?page_id=1945"},"modified":"2022-10-25T12:32:10","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T12:32:10","slug":"mura-07-hydrological-transformations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/mura-07-hydrological-transformations\/","title":{"rendered":"Mura – 07 – Hydrological transformations"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Mura - Transformimet Hidrologjike<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nd\u00ebrhyrjet e para hidroteknike n\u00eb lumin Mura u kryen 210 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Nj\u00eb meand\u00ebr u pre nga nj\u00eb hendek n\u00eb seksionin Cven-Razkrizhje. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rregulloreve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shekull e gjys\u00ebm (1870-2020), seksionet e ekspozuara t\u00eb gradientit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u00e7uan n\u00eb procese t\u00eb thellimit t\u00eb shtratit kryesor t\u00eb lumit dhe n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb niveleve t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e deg\u00ebzimit t\u00eb lumenjve, si dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytje, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb shfaqjen t\u00eb xhepave k\u00ebnetor\u00eb dhe tharjes graduale t\u00eb tyre. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, aktiviteti njer\u00ebzor \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur shum\u00eb p\u00ebrmes proceseve t\u00eb bonifikimit dhe konsolidimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb maksimizuar p\u00ebrfitimin nga toka e punueshme n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb mjedisit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm lumor. Ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha v\u00ebrehen n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Apa\u00e7es, ku rregullorja m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr afatgjat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mbi 130 vjet. Rregullorja n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb (af\u00ebr \u00c7\u00ebrncit) e ngushtoi zon\u00ebn e lumit me 15 her\u00eb (nga 1200 metra n\u00eb rreth 80 metra), dhe n\u00eb Obrajna me 9.5 her\u00eb (nga1900 metra n\u00eb 200 metra). Distancat ndryshojn\u00eb sipas gjer\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shtratit t\u00eb lumit dhe sipas pozicionit t\u00eb krah\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rregullorja jo vet\u00ebm rriti drenazhimin dhe zhveshjen sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore horizontale, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb antropocentrike p\u00ebr rritjen e sip\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb punueshme dhe t\u00eb kultivuara, por edhe ndryshoi ndjesh\u00ebm regjimin e luhatjeve t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ndryshoi cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e v\u00ebllimit dhe rrjedhjen e tyre. M\u00eb shum\u00eb u prek ana kufitare lumore e P\u00ebrlekut dhe pjesa e brendshme. Luhatjet n\u00eb nivelet e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore zbut\u00ebn m\u00eb par\u00eb derdhjen e ujit n\u00eb deg\u00ebt e lumenjve, kanalet dhe fushat e p\u00ebrmbytjeve, por rregulloret p\u00ebrshpejtuan rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e ujit, i cili nisi t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcej\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn diferenc\u00eb lart\u00ebsie n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr. Fotoja tregon burimet natyrore t\u00eb ujit termal dhe mineral t\u00eb Petanjcit n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e \u00e7arjeve nd\u00ebrmjet shtresave gjeologjike \u2013 e ashtuquajtura zona e shushurim\u00ebs dhe flluskimit \u2013 ku shtrati i lumit \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00ebn bregun e lumit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Thellimi \u00ebsht\u00eb produkt si i rregullimit, q\u00eb solli rritjen e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, ashtu edhe i krijimit t\u00eb hidrocentraleve, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuar uljet dhe ngritjet e prurjeve dhe rrjedhimisht rritur ekstremet. Procesi i thellimit t\u00eb shtratit t\u00eb lumit Mura n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb rregulluar pasi Mura hyn n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Ravensko \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e proceseve t\u00eb erozionit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb p\u00ebrforcimin e rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme dhe erozionin e thell\u00eb t\u00eb zhavorrit me erozion an\u00ebsor t\u00eb reduktuar t\u00eb brigjeve t\u00eb lumit. P\u00ebrshpejtimi i shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe rrjedhave t\u00eb ujit rezulton n\u00eb hyrjen m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb ujit n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb gradientit m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, gj\u00eb q\u00eb rrit nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr akumulimin e ujit dhe materialit t\u00eb transportuar. Pasojat e erozionit t\u00eb brigjeve t\u00eb lumit dhe thellimit t\u00eb shtratit t\u00eb lumit jan\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb dukshme n\u00eb aktivitetet detare. Limani pran\u00eb Krogut \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb posht\u00eb platform\u00ebs s\u00eb hyrjes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bazuar n\u00eb ndryshimet e shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb ujit, materiali i g\u00ebrryer grumbullohet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e parregulluar (seksioni i posht\u00ebm i kufirit t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs) n\u00ebn brigjet e brendshme t\u00eb meandrave. Ky nuk z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet m\u00eb nga materiali i sapo g\u00ebrryer nga rrjedha e sip\u00ebrme n\u00eb Austri, ku mbahet nga digat e rreth tridhjet\u00eb hidrocentraleve q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb. Prandaj, zhavorri i fundit n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e poshtme \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i duksh\u00ebm i uljes s\u00eb shtratit t\u00eb lumit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme t\u00eb kufirit t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs. Vendet e akumulimit jan\u00eb zhvendosur rreth 70 km n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb rrym\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa brigjet dikur t\u00eb fortifikuara (byjri) po sp\u00ebrkaten p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb thellimit. \u201cByjranjim\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb termi prekmurjan p\u00ebr g\u00ebrmimin e shtratit t\u00eb lumi n\u00eb argjinatura, dhe byjrashi ishin fortifikuesit e brigjeve. Sot, fortifikimi i brigjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb problematik dhe shum\u00eb argjinatura, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs, nuk mir\u00ebmbahen rregullisht.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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N\u00eb vijim filmi i shkurt\u00ebr i z. Viktor Bogdan p\u00ebrshkruan se si dukej peizazhi p\u00ebrreth Hotiz\u00ebs kur pjesa e Mur\u00ebs nuk ishte e rregulluar dhe shpjegon se si i sheh pasojat e rregullimit t\u00eb saj. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb figurative ai thot\u00eb se p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb efekteve t\u00eb rregullimit dhe rrjedh\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb q\u00eb rezulton prej tij, “Mura po l\u00ebpin lavamanin e saj”, k\u00ebshtu shtrati i lumit po thellohet, niveli i uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore po ulet dhe nuk ka pasur p\u00ebrmbytje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha koh\u00ebt e fundit (edhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndryshimeve klimatike dhe p\u00ebrdorimi intensiv i ujit p\u00ebr bujq\u00ebsi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimi i brigjeve t\u00eb fortifikuara p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb ujit k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon argjinaturat mbrojt\u00ebse. K\u00ebto pengojn\u00eb daljen e lumit n\u00eb kanalet e vjetra, por k\u00ebto masa kan\u00eb ulur edhe nivelin e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. N\u00eb foto mund t\u00eb shihni Murometrin – nj\u00eb grop\u00eb e g\u00ebrmuar, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar luhatjet e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rregullimi i shtratit t\u00eb lumit shtoi sip\u00ebrfaqet p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim bujq\u00ebsor, pasi argjinaturat parandaluan p\u00ebrmbytjet. Argjinaturat p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb lumit Mura nuk mir\u00ebmbahen rregullisht. Gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytjeve t\u00eb shtatorit 2014, uji u derdh pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb zonat ku argjinaturat nuk duronin. Lumi Mura e pati shkarkimin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb stacionin mat\u00ebs Gornja Radgona m\u00eb 14 shtator 2014, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 1327 metra kub n\u00eb sekond\u00eb. Ajo v\u00ebrshoi kryesisht jasht\u00eb mbrojtjeve nga p\u00ebrmbytjet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Shirat e dendur n\u00eb Slloveni luajt\u00ebn rolin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytjet e vitit 2014. N\u00eb stacionin meteorologjik Murska Sobota kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb 160 litra shi p\u00ebr met\u00ebr katror n\u00eb tre periudha. Prandaj, p\u00ebrmbytjet shkaktuan jo vet\u00ebm nivelin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs, por edhe nivelin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, t\u00eb cilat nuk mund t\u00eb thithnin ujin e tep\u00ebrt nga Mura, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytjet u p\u00ebrforcuan. P\u00ebrmbytjet arrit\u00ebn deri n\u00eb Mostje n\u00eb kufirin hungarez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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N\u00eb an\u00ebn austriake t\u00eb kufirit, kompania hidroteknike shkat\u00ebrroi q\u00ebllimisht brigjet e fortifikuara n\u00eb disa vende dhe e zgjeroi lumin n\u00eb deg\u00eb ose kanale t\u00eb vjetra. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ata po p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e lumit dhe t\u00eb lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb uji t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqet vet\u00eb nga brigjet dhe t\u00eb kthej\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb zhavorrit t\u00eb g\u00ebrryer p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb shtratin e lumit. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk do t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb n\u00eb planin afatgjat\u00eb, pasi nevojitet nj\u00eb furnizim i papenguar dhe i vazhduesh\u00ebm me zhavorr p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar thellimin. P\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb, nevojitet rind\u00ebrtimi i digave rrethuese n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar kalim t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb zhavorrit nga digat. Nga ana sllovene, nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb Segovci n\u00eb fush\u00ebn Apa\u00e7e, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse ka kontribuar n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e thellimit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb ndryshimeve gjeomorfologjike t\u00eb 150 viteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb aktivitetit njer\u00ebzor. Nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb lumit s\u00eb bashku me deg\u00ebt e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb periudha e nd\u00ebrtimit inovativ t\u00eb mullinjve lumor\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr nevojat e sharrave dhe mullirit t\u00eb grurit (1820-1850). Funksionimi i tyre u ndikua edhe n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nga rregullimi dhe jo vet\u00ebm nga elektrifikimi dhe modernizimi i prodhimit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Matjet e thellimit n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 1974-2012 konfirmojn\u00eb perceptimin e thellimit t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb m\u00eb e detajuar tregoi se thellimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb intensiv n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e kufirit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb Mur\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes Sllovenis\u00eb, thellimi zvog\u00eblohet, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb kufirit v\u00ebrehet akumulim i duksh\u00ebm dhe rritje afatgjat\u00eb e ndryshimeve n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqet e zhavorrit, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb korrelacion t\u00eb plot\u00eb me seksionin e shtratit t\u00eb rregulluar t\u00eb lumit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Thellimi vazhdon. Sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb fundit, nga 1.2 (af\u00ebr \u00c7\u00ebrncit) deri n\u00eb 2 metra (n\u00eb Cmurek dhe Cershak). N\u00eb disa vende kan\u00eb mbetur vet\u00ebm 20 cm mbi shk\u00ebmbin m\u00ebm\u00eb t\u00eb granitit. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpritet rruga migruese e peshqve dhe e gjallesave t\u00eb tjera lumore. Kjo, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, do t\u00eb kishte pasoja katastrofike m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera mjedisore. Nj\u00eb gabim ky\u00e7 u b\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb rregullimit (Mura e Mesme), e cila ka p\u00ebrshpejtuar thellimin gjat\u00eb 50 viteve t\u00eb fundit. M\u00eb par\u00eb, pas rregullores s\u00eb Hohenburgut, nuk u kryen matje t\u00eb thellimit, ndaj rregullimi i seksionit kufitar dukej se funksiononte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt. Megjithat\u00eb, shkurtimi i Mur\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion me 4 km rriti ndjesh\u00ebm shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e rrzm\u00ebs p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pjerrt\u00ebsis\u00eb (n\u00eb 1.28 metra p\u00ebr km).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Thellimi u intensifikua pas fillimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb HEC-it n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn austriake t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs dhe u p\u00ebrshpejtua nga rregullimi i Mur\u00ebs s\u00eb Brendshme midis Petanjcit dhe Gibin\u00ebs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Krahas thellimit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb erozionit t\u00eb shtratit t\u00eb lumit, niveli i ujit \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb r\u00ebnie. Kjo mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet n\u00eb serit\u00eb kohore t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hidrologjike nga stacionet mat\u00ebse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mura – Transformimet Hidrologjike Nd\u00ebrhyrjet e para hidroteknike n\u00eb lumin Mura u kryen 210 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Nj\u00eb meand\u00ebr u pre nga nj\u00eb hendek n\u00eb seksionin Cven-Razkrizhje. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rregulloreve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shekull e gjys\u00ebm (1870-2020), seksionet e ekspozuara t\u00eb gradientit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u00e7uan n\u00eb procese t\u00eb thellimit t\u00eb shtratit kryesor t\u00eb lumit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1945","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1945"}],"version-history":[{"count":169,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1945\/revisions\/5528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}