{"id":1902,"date":"2022-04-26T10:21:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T10:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/?page_id=1902"},"modified":"2022-10-27T08:46:59","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T08:46:59","slug":"mura-06-history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/mura-06-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Mura – 06 – History"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Mura - Histori e shkurt\u00ebr<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mura (gjermanisht: Mur; sllovenisht\/kroatisht\/hungarisht:\u00a0 Mura; dialekti i Prekmurjes: M\u00fcra, M\u00f6ra) n\u00eb Alpet qendrore kristalore t\u00eb Austris\u00eb, ngrihet n\u00eb Parkun Komb\u00ebtar Hohe Tauern n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn e Salzburgut dhe derdhet n\u00eb lumin Drava af\u00ebr Legradit (Karku Koprivnica-Krizhevci) n\u00eb Kroaci. N\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi Mura \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjat\u00eb 465 km.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Historikisht, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e lumit Mura q\u00eb rrjedh p\u00ebrmes Sllovenis\u00eb s\u00eb sotme ishte pjes\u00eb e principat\u00ebs Panoniane, vet\u00ebm pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb per\u00ebndimore pran\u00eb Cershakut i p\u00ebrkiste Carantania, nj\u00eb principat\u00eb sllave. Kufiri mes t\u00eb dyve ishte diku af\u00ebr fshatit t\u00eb sot\u00ebm Cmurek. M\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1919, lumi Mura (midis Cershakut dhe Gornje Radgon\u00ebs) u b\u00eb lum\u00eb kufitar mes Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Serb\u00ebve, Kroat\u00ebve dhe Slloven\u00ebve dhe Austris\u00eb Gjermane. Sot ajo kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr Slloveni p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi totale prej 95 km, ku pjesa e Mur\u00ebs “t\u00eb brendshme” sllovene \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 33 km e gjat\u00eb dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vij\u00ebn kufitare me Austrin\u00eb e Kroacin\u00eb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Teknologjia e lasht\u00eb e mullinjve lundrues t\u00eb fuqizuar nga rryma e lumit u adoptua n\u00eb Mur\u00eb nga sllav\u00ebt dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb nga hungarez\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb hart\u00eb ushtarake e Perandoris\u00eb Austro-Hungareze tregon se kishte 69 mullinj lundrues n\u00eb Mur\u00eb nga Krog n\u00eb Sveti Martin (kufiri kroat). Sot, vet\u00ebm disa nga k\u00ebta mullinj jan\u00eb ende n\u00eb funksion, m\u00eb i famshmi \u00ebsht\u00eb mulliri Babi\u00e7 pran\u00eb Verzhejit, Slloveni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mullinjt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb mir\u00ebmbahen dhe rikonstruktohen si\u00e7 duhet, pasi fryrja e lumenjve gjat\u00eb stuhive mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb rrotat l\u00ebviz\u00ebse t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shtimit t\u00eb ujit dhe pem\u00ebve lundruese.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dihet se Mura p\u00ebrmban sasi t\u00eb vogla floriri, t\u00eb pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr t’u shfryt\u00ebzuar sot, por ky ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb fokus t\u00eb aktivitetit t\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e lashta. Eksplorimi i organizuar i arit dhe burimeve t\u00eb tjera lokale u promovua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb 1772.<\/p>

Harta e vjet\u00ebr me ngjyra e Stiris\u00eb nga Johann Baptist Homann tregon zon\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth lumit Drava dhe Mura (n\u00eb veri n\u00eb hart\u00eb).<\/p>

Harta: Ducatus Stiriae Novissima Tabula<\/i><\/b>; Johann Baptist Homann; p\u00ebrreth <\/span>1720<\/p>

Burimi: Digitalna knji\u017enjica Slovenije (dLib.si)<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Historikisht dhe hartografikisht ndryshimet n\u00eb shtratin e lumit Mura mund t\u00eb gjurmohen q\u00eb nga shekulli i 16-t\u00eb. N\u00eb 500 vitet e fundit, Mura ka ndryshuar vazhdimisht dhe ndjesh\u00ebm pozicionin dhe rrjedh\u00ebn e p\u00ebrroit kryesor dhe deg\u00ebve t\u00eb tij. Kjo mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet me shum\u00eb detaje p\u00ebrmes krahasimit hartografik dhe hart\u00ebs shtres\u00eb pas shtrese.\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Ekzistojn\u00eb disa periudha t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb teknikave dhe paraqitjeve hartografike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb:<\/p>

– p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht nga 1500 e tutje: shfaqje panoramike n\u00eb pikturat e murit<\/p>

– 1678: botimi i hartave t\u00eb Visherit<\/p>

– 1714: Harta e Ducatus Stiriae novissima tabula nga J. B. Homann<\/p>

– 1763-1787: sondazhi i par\u00eb ushtarak (Josephine).<\/p>

– 1806-1869: vrojtimi i dyt\u00eb ushtarak me zbatimin e Kadastr\u00ebs Fran\u00e7eskane (1824-1860)<\/p>

– 1869-1887: sondazhi i tret\u00eb ushtarak<\/p>

– 1890-1925: hartat e para moderne speciale p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Austro-Hungareze, t\u00eb nxjerra pas shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Danubiane; botuar edhe n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Serb\u00ebve, Kroat\u00ebve dhe Slloven\u00ebve (SHS)<\/p>

– 1970 e n\u00eb vazhdim: matje ciklike fotogrametrike t\u00eb Sllovenis\u00eb nga ajri.\u00a0<\/p>

– 1972 e n\u00eb vazhdim: disponimi i imazheve optike satelitore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gjakderdhjet e Mur\u00ebs n\u00eb Slloveni s\u00eb sotme (tani e rregulluar fort) jan\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hart\u00eb nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb.<\/p>

Harta: Specialkarte<\/i><\/b> <\/i>der \u00f6sterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie<\/strong><\/em>, viti 1890<\/p>

Mbajtur nga: Muzeu Gjeografik GIAM ZRC SAZU<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mbajtja e tok\u00ebs dhe ndarja n\u00eb terren n\u00eb Prekmurje dhe P\u00ebrlek<\/b><\/p>

Historia e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb territoriale t\u00eb P\u00ebrlekut n\u00eb rendin e brendsh\u00ebm austriak dhe Prekmurjes me Megjimurjen n\u00eb Hungari, \u00e7oi n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim drastik n\u00eb ndarjen e parcelave t\u00eb tok\u00ebs dhe struktur\u00ebn e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tok\u00ebs.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

P\u00ebrlekur<\/b>, si pjes\u00eb e Dukatit Stirian, karakterizohej nga vreshtaria, bujq\u00ebsia me qira dhe prodhuesit bujq\u00ebsor\u00eb pa tok\u00eb. Toka n\u00eb P\u00ebrlek mbeti pron\u00eb e feudal\u00ebve deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, kur pron\u00ebsia feudale u hoq p\u00ebrfundimisht me reform\u00ebn agrare t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Serb\u00ebve, Kroat\u00ebve dhe Slloven\u00ebve. Pas saj prona feudale n\u00eb P\u00ebrlek u nda n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mes fshatar\u00ebve ish-bujkrob\u00ebr. Kolektivizimi i pjessh\u00ebm i prodhimit bujq\u00ebsor n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kombinateve t\u00eb KK (sllovenisht: Kmetijskikombinat) rezultoi n\u00eb zmadhim t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb tok\u00ebs solide\u00a0n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb tok\u00ebs s\u00eb konsoliduar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u00ebrkundrazi, Prekmurja<\/strong> ishte pjes\u00eb e pjes\u00ebs historike hungareze t\u00eb Monarkis\u00eb Binjake, ku ligji i vjet\u00ebr romak u rivendos pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb sundimit osman n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1690. Toka iu nda fshatar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t’i mbajtur ata t\u00eb lidhur me token, p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar mir\u00ebqenie ekonomike. N\u00eb krahasim me P\u00ebrlekun, fshatar\u00ebt Prekmurjan\u00eb historikisht ruajt\u00ebn t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb zot\u00ebruar dhe trash\u00ebguar tok\u00ebn. Si rezultat i modernizimit n\u00eb mesin e shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, bumi i par\u00eb demografik mund\u00ebsoi dyfishimin e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se gjysm\u00eb shekulli. Rezultati ishte nj\u00eb ndarje e m\u00ebvonshme e tok\u00ebs n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve midis t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Procesi i cop\u00ebtimit t\u00eb parcelave ishte aq i theksuar, sa edhe pronar\u00ebt e tokave u varf\u00ebruan dhe val\u00ebt e para moderne t\u00eb migrimit filluan n\u00eb Prekmurje n\u00eb vitet 1880. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi n\u00eb Prekmurje ajo mbeti kryesisht n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi private dhe vet\u00ebm toka e dikurshme feudale u shtet\u00ebzua p\u00ebr prodhimin bujq\u00ebsor shtet\u00ebror.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Faza rregullatore mbi lumin Mura<\/b><\/p>

Mura u rregullua n\u00eb disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj q\u00eb n\u00eb shekujt XVIII dhe XIX.\u00a0Ndikimin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb ndryshimin e rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb lumit Mura e pati “rregullorja e Hochenburgut”, e cila u zhvillua kryesisht n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb dhe ishte planifikuar n\u00eb seksionin Gradec-Cven (af\u00ebr Ljutomerit).\u00a0Hartat e sondazhit t\u00eb ushtarak\u00ebve t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 1869-1887 kontrollon rregullimin dhe krye deri n\u00eb seksionin e asaj kufitare t\u00eb Murit mes gjysm\u00ebs hungareze dhe austriake t\u00eb Monarkis\u00eb. Seksioni kufitar Petanjci-Cven mbeti i pauar, shkaku i shkakut t\u00eb rregullave t\u00eb Hungaris\u00eb rrjedhat ujore kufitare nuk p\u00ebrshtaten me kadast\u00ebr, q\u00eb n\u00eb parim vlen p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha seksionet e lumenjve kufitar\u00eb n\u00eb Panoni hungareze dhe kroate (Mura, Drava, Danub), duke p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kufirin bashk\u00ebkohor midis Sllovenis\u00eb dhe Kroacis\u00eb n\u00eb Mur\u00eb. Pas vitit 1920, rregullimi i ri u krye n\u00eb seksionin Petanjci\u2013Gornja Bistrica, dhe pas vitit 1945 n\u00eb segmentin Gornja Bistrica\u2013Razkrizhje\u2013Mursko Sredish\u00e7e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Lagunat e m\u00ebparshme jan\u00eb thar\u00eb gradualisht dhe jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb aksesueshme p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebrmes rregullimit. Gropat e r\u00ebr\u00ebs dhe zhavorrit u p\u00ebrmbyt\u00ebn shpejt dhe sot zonat e p\u00ebrmbytura t\u00eb gropave t\u00eb zhavorrit tregojn\u00eb zonat e p\u00ebrroit t\u00eb deg\u00ebzuar t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs s\u00eb dikurshme. Vizualizimi duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin dixhital t\u00eb lart\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb terrenit n\u00eb zon\u00ebn “e brendshme” t\u00eb Mur\u00ebs sllovene na tregon qart\u00eb mbetjet e kanaleve t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb lumit.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Referencat:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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– \u0160e\u0161ko, Anton. 1974. \u00bb1888-1973. Petinosemdeset let tovarne lepenke Cer\u0161ak\u00ab Izdala: Tovarna lesovine in lepenke Cer\u0161ak, ob 85-letnici tovarne, ZGP Pomurski Tisk<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKthehu te Mura<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mura – Histori e shkurt\u00ebr Mura (gjermanisht: Mur; sllovenisht\/kroatisht\/hungarisht:\u00a0 Mura; dialekti i Prekmurjes: M\u00fcra, M\u00f6ra) n\u00eb Alpet qendrore kristalore t\u00eb Austris\u00eb, ngrihet n\u00eb Parkun Komb\u00ebtar Hohe Tauern n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn e Salzburgut dhe derdhet n\u00eb lumin Drava af\u00ebr Legradit (Karku Koprivnica-Krizhevci) n\u00eb Kroaci. N\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi Mura \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjat\u00eb 465 km. Historikisht, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1902","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1902"}],"version-history":[{"count":181,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5557,"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1902\/revisions\/5557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/riverchange.zrc-sazu.si\/shqip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}